Elementum 3DInteractive periodic table

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An interactive periodic table you can explore in 3D

Elementum 3D is a free periodic table of all 118 confirmed chemical elements. Browse the classic table, or rearrange the same elements as a sphere, helix or set of rings. Search by name, symbol or atomic number, filter by category, block or stability, and open any element to see its atomic mass, group, period and electron shells beside an orbiting Bohr model.

Who it is for

How to use it

Reading an element card

The number at the top left is the atomic number. The large letters are the element symbol, followed by the name and the standard atomic mass in unified atomic mass units. The number at the top right is the group; f-block elements show f instead. The card colour follows the colour mode you pick: category, s/p/d/f block, or whether the element has a stable isotope.

Periodic table FAQ

How many elements are in the periodic table?

The periodic table has 118 confirmed elements, numbered 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson). Elements 1 to 94 occur naturally on Earth, at least in trace amounts, while elements 95 to 118 have only been made artificially in laboratories.

What is the atomic number of an element?

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It defines the element: every atom with 6 protons is carbon, and in a neutral atom the atomic number also equals the number of electrons.

What is the difference between a group and a period?

Groups are the 18 vertical columns, and elements in the same group tend to behave alike because their outer electrons are arranged similarly. Periods are the 7 horizontal rows. A period number usually matches the number of occupied electron shells; palladium is the well-known exception.

Why are some atomic masses shown in square brackets?

Elements with no stable isotopes have no single natural average mass. For these, the bracketed value is the mass number of the isotope with the longest known half-life, for example [98] for technetium.

What do the electron shells on each element mean?

They list how many electrons sit in each shell, labelled K, L, M, N, O, P and Q from the nucleus outward. This is a simplified Bohr-style picture. Modern chemistry describes electrons in orbitals, but shell counts still show why elements in a group behave alike.

Which elements are liquid at room temperature?

Only two elements are liquid at standard room temperature and pressure: mercury, a metal, and bromine, a nonmetal. Gallium and caesium melt only slightly above room temperature.

What are the lanthanides and actinides?

They are two rows of f-block elements, atomic numbers 57 to 71 and 89 to 103, usually drawn beneath the main table to keep it compact. In Elementum 3D they sit in their own rows below the main grid.

All 118 elements in one table

This table lists every element shown in the 3D view. Select a symbol to open it in the viewer.

Periodic table of the elements: atomic number, symbol, name, atomic mass, category, group, period, block, electrons per shell and overview
No.SymbolNameAtomic mass (u)CategoryGroupPeriodBlockElectrons per shellOverview
1HHydrogen1.008Reactive Nonmetal11s-block1The lightest element, hydrogen fuels stars and forms most visible matter in the universe.
2HeHelium4.0026Noble Gas181s-block2An inert, low-density gas produced by stellar fusion and used in cryogenics.
3LiLithium6.94Alkali Metal12s-block2 · 1A soft, light metal central to rechargeable batteries and psychiatric medicine.
4BeBeryllium9.0122Alkaline Earth Metal22s-block2 · 2A strong, lightweight metal valued in aerospace structures and X-ray windows.
5BBoron10.81Metalloid132p-block2 · 3A hard metalloid used in borosilicate glass, detergents, and semiconductor doping.
6CCarbon12.011Reactive Nonmetal142p-block2 · 4Carbon forms the molecular backbone of life and materials from graphite to diamond.
7NNitrogen14.007Reactive Nonmetal152p-block2 · 5Nitrogen dominates Earth's atmosphere and is essential to proteins and nucleic acids.
8OOxygen15.999Reactive Nonmetal162p-block2 · 6A highly reactive gas required by aerobic life and many combustion processes.
9FFluorine18.998Halogen172p-block2 · 7The most electronegative element, fluorine forms exceptionally strong chemical bonds.
10NeNeon20.180Noble Gas182p-block2 · 8An inert noble gas famous for its brilliant reddish-orange electrical discharge.
11NaSodium22.990Alkali Metal13s-block2 · 8 · 1A reactive metal whose ions regulate fluids and nerve signals in living organisms.
12MgMagnesium24.305Alkaline Earth Metal23s-block2 · 8 · 2A light structural metal and the central atom in chlorophyll.
13AlAluminium26.982Post-Transition Metal133p-block2 · 8 · 3A low-density, corrosion-resistant metal widely used in transport and packaging.
14SiSilicon28.085Metalloid143p-block2 · 8 · 4A semiconductor that underpins modern electronics and is abundant in silicate minerals.
15PPhosphorus30.974Reactive Nonmetal153p-block2 · 8 · 5An essential biological element found in DNA, ATP, bones, and fertilizers.
16SSulfur32.06Reactive Nonmetal163p-block2 · 8 · 6A yellow nonmetal used to make sulfuric acid and vital sulfur-bearing proteins.
17ClChlorine35.45Halogen173p-block2 · 8 · 7A reactive halogen used for disinfection and present in common salt.
18ArArgon39.948Noble Gas183p-block2 · 8 · 8An abundant inert gas used to shield welding and preserve reactive materials.
19KPotassium39.098Alkali Metal14s-block2 · 8 · 8 · 1A soft reactive metal whose ions are crucial for cells, muscles, and nerves.
20CaCalcium40.078Alkaline Earth Metal24s-block2 · 8 · 8 · 2Calcium strengthens bones and shells and acts as a universal cellular messenger.
21ScScandium44.956Transition Metal34d-block2 · 8 · 9 · 2A light transition metal used in high-performance aluminium alloys and lamps.
22TiTitanium47.867Transition Metal44d-block2 · 8 · 10 · 2A strong, corrosion-resistant, biocompatible metal important in aerospace and medicine.
23VVanadium50.942Transition Metal54d-block2 · 8 · 11 · 2Vanadium strengthens steel and supports catalysts and emerging flow batteries.
24CrChromium51.996Transition Metal64d-block2 · 8 · 13 · 1A hard metal that gives stainless steel corrosion resistance and a bright finish.
25MnManganese54.938Transition Metal74d-block2 · 8 · 13 · 2An essential alloying element for steel and a cofactor in biological enzymes.
26FeIron55.845Transition Metal84d-block2 · 8 · 14 · 2Iron is the foundation of steel and carries oxygen in blood through hemoglobin.
27CoCobalt58.933Transition Metal94d-block2 · 8 · 15 · 2A magnetic metal used in superalloys, blue pigments, batteries, and vitamin B12.
28NiNickel58.693Transition Metal104d-block2 · 8 · 16 · 2A tough corrosion-resistant metal used in alloys, plating, catalysts, and batteries.
29CuCopper63.546Transition Metal114d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 1An excellent conductor used in electrical systems since ancient metallurgy.
30ZnZinc65.38Transition Metal124d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 2Zinc protects steel by galvanizing and is essential to many enzymes.
31GaGallium69.723Post-Transition Metal134p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 3A low-melting metal used in compound semiconductors, LEDs, and solar cells.
32GeGermanium72.630Metalloid144p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 4A semiconductor metalloid used in fiber optics, infrared optics, and electronics.
33AsArsenic74.922Metalloid154p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 5A toxic metalloid used in specialized semiconductors and historically in pigments.
34SeSelenium78.971Reactive Nonmetal164p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 6A photoconductive nonmetal required in trace amounts by antioxidant enzymes.
35BrBromine79.904Halogen174p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 7The only liquid nonmetal at room temperature, used in flame retardants and chemistry.
36KrKrypton83.798Noble Gas184p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 8A rare inert gas used in high-performance lighting and insulating windows.
37RbRubidium85.468Alkali Metal15s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 8 · 1A highly reactive metal used in research, atomic clocks, and vacuum systems.
38SrStrontium87.62Alkaline Earth Metal25s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 8 · 2A reactive metal whose salts produce vivid red fireworks and specialty ceramics.
39YYttrium88.906Transition Metal35d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 9 · 2A transition metal used in phosphors, lasers, superconductors, and tough ceramics.
40ZrZirconium91.224Transition Metal45d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 10 · 2A corrosion-resistant metal used in nuclear reactors, ceramics, and surgical devices.
41NbNiobium92.906Transition Metal55d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 12 · 1Niobium strengthens alloys and enables powerful superconducting magnets.
42MoMolybdenum95.95Transition Metal65d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 13 · 1A refractory metal that strengthens steel and serves essential biological catalysts.
43TcTechnetium[98]Transition Metal75d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 13 · 2The lightest element with no stable isotopes, widely used in medical imaging.
44RuRuthenium101.07Transition Metal85d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 15 · 1A rare platinum-group metal used to harden alloys and catalyze chemical reactions.
45RhRhodium102.91Transition Metal95d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 16 · 1A highly reflective, corrosion-resistant metal crucial to catalytic converters.
46PdPalladium106.42Transition Metal105d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18A platinum-group catalyst used in emissions control, electronics, and hydrogen systems.
47AgSilver107.87Transition Metal115d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 1The most electrically conductive metal, valued in electronics, mirrors, and jewelry.
48CdCadmium112.41Transition Metal125d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 2A toxic soft metal formerly common in batteries, pigments, and protective coatings.
49InIndium114.82Post-Transition Metal135p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 3A soft metal essential to transparent conductive coatings in touchscreens and displays.
50SnTin118.71Post-Transition Metal145p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 4A corrosion-resistant metal used in solder, coatings, bronze, and organotin chemistry.
51SbAntimony121.76Metalloid155p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 5A brittle metalloid used in flame retardants, alloys, and semiconductor devices.
52TeTellurium127.60Metalloid165p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 6A rare metalloid important in solar cells, thermoelectrics, and metal alloys.
53IIodine126.90Halogen175p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 7A violet halogen essential to thyroid hormones and useful as an antiseptic.
54XeXenon131.29Noble Gas185p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 8A heavy noble gas used in lighting, ion propulsion, imaging, and anesthesia.
55CsCaesium132.91Alkali Metal16s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 8 · 1An extremely reactive metal whose atomic transition defines precise time standards.
56BaBarium137.33Alkaline Earth Metal26s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 8 · 2A dense reactive metal used in medical imaging contrast and green pyrotechnics.
57LaLanthanum138.91Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 18 · 9 · 2A soft rare-earth metal used in optics, catalysts, batteries, and lighter flints.
58CeCerium140.12Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 19 · 9 · 2The most abundant rare-earth element, used in catalysts, glass polishing, and alloys.
59PrPraseodymium140.91Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 21 · 8 · 2A rare-earth metal used in strong magnets, aircraft alloys, and colored glass.
60NdNeodymium144.24Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 22 · 8 · 2Neodymium enables exceptionally powerful permanent magnets used in motors and audio.
61PmPromethium[145]Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 23 · 8 · 2A radioactive rare-earth element used in research and specialized nuclear batteries.
62SmSamarium150.36Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 24 · 8 · 2A rare-earth metal used in heat-resistant magnets, lasers, and neutron absorption.
63EuEuropium151.96Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 25 · 8 · 2A reactive rare-earth element responsible for red and blue display phosphors.
64GdGadolinium157.25Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 25 · 9 · 2A strongly magnetic rare-earth metal used in MRI contrast and neutron capture.
65TbTerbium158.93Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 27 · 8 · 2A rare-earth element used in green phosphors, sensors, and magnetostrictive alloys.
66DyDysprosium162.50Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 28 · 8 · 2Dysprosium improves high-temperature permanent magnets and absorbs thermal neutrons.
67HoHolmium164.93Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 29 · 8 · 2A rare-earth element with an exceptional magnetic moment, used in lasers and magnets.
68ErErbium167.26Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 30 · 8 · 2Erbium amplifies optical-fiber signals and imparts a pink color to glass.
69TmThulium168.93Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 31 · 8 · 2The rarest stable lanthanide, used in portable X-ray sources and specialty lasers.
70YbYtterbium173.05Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 8 · 2A soft rare-earth metal used in fiber lasers, alloys, and precision atomic clocks.
71LuLutetium174.97Lanthanide—6 (lanthanide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 9 · 2A dense rare-earth metal used in PET detector crystals and petroleum catalysts.
72HfHafnium178.49Transition Metal46d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 10 · 2A heat-resistant metal used in reactor control rods and advanced microelectronics.
73TaTantalum180.95Transition Metal56d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 11 · 2An exceptionally corrosion-resistant metal used in capacitors and surgical implants.
74WTungsten183.84Transition Metal66d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 12 · 2The metal with the highest melting point, used in hard tools and hot components.
75ReRhenium186.21Transition Metal76d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 13 · 2A very rare refractory metal that strengthens turbine superalloys and catalysts.
76OsOsmium190.23Transition Metal86d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 14 · 2One of the densest elements, osmium is used in durable alloys and catalysts.
77IrIridium192.22Transition Metal96d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 15 · 2An extremely corrosion-resistant metal used in spark plugs, crucibles, and standards.
78PtPlatinum195.08Transition Metal106d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 17 · 1A precious, chemically stable catalyst used in medicine, industry, and jewelry.
79AuGold196.97Transition Metal116d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 1A dense, unreactive, conductive metal prized for electronics, currency, and ornament.
80HgMercury200.59Transition Metal126d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 2The only metallic element liquid at room temperature, mercury is toxic and volatile.
81TlThallium204.38Post-Transition Metal136p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 3A soft, toxic metal used in specialized electronics, optics, and medical isotopes.
82PbLead207.2Post-Transition Metal146p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 4A dense, soft metal used in batteries and shielding but hazardous to health.
83BiBismuth208.98Post-Transition Metal156p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 5A heavy, low-toxicity metal used in medicines, cosmetics, and low-melting alloys.
84PoPolonium[209]Post-Transition Metal166p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 6A highly radioactive element discovered by Marie Curie and used in heat sources.
85AtAstatine[210]Halogen176p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 7An extremely rare radioactive halogen studied for targeted alpha cancer therapy.
86RnRadon[222]Noble Gas186p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 8A radioactive noble gas produced by radium decay and a significant indoor hazard.
87FrFrancium[223]Alkali Metal17s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 8 · 1An extraordinarily rare, short-lived radioactive alkali metal found in uranium ores.
88RaRadium[226]Alkaline Earth Metal27s-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 8 · 2A luminous radioactive metal historically used in paints and early radiation medicine.
89AcActinium[227]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 9 · 2A strongly radioactive metal that begins the actinide series and emits blue light.
90ThThorium232.04Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 18 · 10 · 2A naturally radioactive metal investigated as an abundant alternative nuclear fuel.
91PaProtactinium231.04Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 20 · 9 · 2A rare, toxic radioactive actinide occurring in uranium decay chains.
92UUranium238.03Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 21 · 9 · 2A dense radioactive metal that powers nuclear reactors and occurs naturally in rock.
93NpNeptunium[237]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 22 · 9 · 2A synthetic radioactive actinide produced in reactors and used in neutron detectors.
94PuPlutonium[244]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 24 · 8 · 2A radioactive actinide used in nuclear energy, weapons, and deep-space power systems.
95AmAmericium[243]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 25 · 8 · 2A synthetic actinide best known as the source in ionization smoke detectors.
96CmCurium[247]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 25 · 9 · 2A synthetic radioactive metal used mainly in research and space-power studies.
97BkBerkelium[247]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 27 · 8 · 2A synthetic actinide produced in minute quantities for heavy-element research.
98CfCalifornium[251]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 28 · 8 · 2A potent synthetic neutron source used in reactor startup, analysis, and medicine.
99EsEinsteinium[252]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 29 · 8 · 2A synthetic actinide first identified in debris from a thermonuclear test.
100FmFermium[257]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 30 · 8 · 2A short-lived synthetic element studied only in microscopic quantities.
101MdMendelevium[258]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 31 · 8 · 2A synthetic actinide named for periodic-table pioneer Dmitri Mendeleev.
102NoNobelium[259]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 8 · 2A synthetic radioactive element named for Alfred Nobel and studied atom by atom.
103LrLawrencium[266]Actinide—7 (actinide)f-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 8 · 3The final actinide is a short-lived synthetic element made in accelerators.
104RfRutherfordium[267]Transition Metal47d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 10 · 2A synthetic superheavy transition metal whose chemistry resembles hafnium.
105DbDubnium[268]Transition Metal57d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 11 · 2A synthetic superheavy element studied through a few rapidly decaying atoms.
106SgSeaborgium[269]Transition Metal67d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 12 · 2A synthetic element named for Glenn Seaborg with chemistry similar to tungsten.
107BhBohrium[270]Transition Metal77d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 13 · 2A short-lived synthetic transition element named for physicist Niels Bohr.
108HsHassium[277]Transition Metal87d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 14 · 2A synthetic superheavy metal expected to share chemistry with osmium.
109MtMeitnerium[278]Transition Metal97d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 15 · 2An extremely short-lived synthetic element named for physicist Lise Meitner.
110DsDarmstadtium[281]Transition Metal107d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 17 · 1A synthetic superheavy element first produced in Darmstadt, Germany.
111RgRoentgenium[282]Transition Metal117d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 1A synthetic element predicted to be a dense noble metal related to gold.
112CnCopernicium[285]Transition Metal127d-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 2A volatile synthetic superheavy element named for astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
113NhNihonium[286]Post-Transition Metal137p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 3The first element discovered in Asia, nihonium is synthetic and highly unstable.
114FlFlerovium[289]Post-Transition Metal147p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 4A synthetic superheavy element with unusual predicted metallic and volatile behavior.
115McMoscovium[290]Post-Transition Metal157p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 5A synthetic, rapidly decaying element named for the Moscow region.
116LvLivermorium[293]Post-Transition Metal167p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 6A synthetic superheavy element named for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
117TsTennessine[294]Halogen177p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 7A synthetic superheavy halogen whose chemistry may differ from lighter halogens.
118OgOganesson[294]Noble Gas187p-block2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 18 · 8The heaviest confirmed element is an unstable noble-gas relative with predicted reactivity.

About the data

Atomic masses follow the abridged standard atomic weights published by IUPAC. A bracketed value is the mass number of the longest-lived known isotope. Electron shells show ground-state arrangements by principal shell. Lanthanides (La to Lu) and actinides (Ac to Lr) are grouped in the f-block following common convention, although the placement of lutetium and lawrencium is still discussed. The "no stable isotope" flag applies to technetium, promethium and every element from polonium (84) upward.